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The fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in Benchmark Component Futures Contracts. Under normal market conditions, the manager expects that 100% of the fund’s assets will be invested in benchmark component futures contracts and in cash and cash equivalents.

Teucrium Wheat Fund

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도널드 트럼프 대통령의 최근 관세 조치가 글로벌 무역에 큰 혼란을 일으키고 있지만, 중국은 익숙한 반격을 준비하고 있을지도 모른다. JP모건의 애널리스트인 브라이언 P. 오센벡(Brian P. Ossenbeck)에 따르면, 농산물 수출—특히 옥수수, 소맥 및 대두—이 중국의 보복 타겟이 될 가능성이 높다.

중국의 보복 관세 전략서: 미국산 옥수수, 소맥 및 대두가 표적으로

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미국의 도시들이 계속해서 역사적인 폭염 기록을 경신함에 따라 전국의 근로자들, 의회의원들, 기업들에서는 주정부가 폭염 상황에서 근로자를 보호해야 하는가에 대한 논쟁을 시작하고 있다.

美 폭염으로 기록이 깨졌지만 2024년 선거 결과로 근로자 보호가 인질로 잡힐 수도

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President Donald Trump's <a href="https://www.benzinga.com/topic/tariffs">latest tariff moves</a> are shaking up global trade, but China may have a familiar counterstrike in mind. 
According to JPMorgan analyst Brian P. Ossenbeck, agricultural exports—particularly corn, wheat, and soybeans—are prime targets for Chinese retaliation. 
Any new developments on this front could be relevant to investors in the Teucrium Corn Fund (NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/CORN#NYSE">CORN</a>), the Teucrium Wheat Fund (NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/WEAT#NYSE">WEAT</a>) and the Teucrium Soybean Fund (NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/SOYB#NYSE">SOYB</a>).
With a history of leveraging tariffs to disrupt U.S. farm exports, Beijing could once again use this tactic to put pressure on American producers and policymakers.
Read Also: <a href="https://www.benzinga.com/analyst-ratings/analyst-color/25/02/43432736/copper-stocks-on-shaky-ground-jpmorgan-analysts-say-tariffs-deepseek-cloud-outlook">Copper Stocks On Shaky Ground, JPMorgan Analysts Say: Tariffs, DeepSeek Cloud Outlook</a>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">A Familiar Playbook: Agriculture As A Pressure Point</h2>
Ossenbeck highlights that U.S. agricultural exports to China, especially soybeans, have been heavily impacted by past trade tensions. "A study by the U.S. Department of Agriculture found tariffs reduced U.S. agricultural exports by $27 billion in 2018-2019 and soybeans accounted for the majority of the decline at 71%." 
If history repeats itself, American farmers could face another round of painful disruptions.
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Railroads On Alert</h2>
The impact of potential tariffs won't stop at the farms. U.S. rail giants like BNSF (2.5% exposure) and Union Pacific Corp (NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/UNP#NYSE">UNP</a>) (1% exposure) are directly tied to soybean exports and could feel the squeeze. 
Ossenbeck's analysis suggests that retaliatory tariffs on grains could weigh on transportation stocks, adding another layer of volatility to the already embattled Transports sector. Investors in the iShares US Transportation ETF (NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/IYT#NYSE">IYT</a>) should remain wary of their holdings.
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Trade Tensions Fuel Import Rush</h2>
Meanwhile, data from JPMorgan indicates that importers have been bracing for impact. Ossenbeck points to a "pull-forward of imports from China that started in 2H24 and appears to have continued into early 2025." 
January containerized imports hit an all-time record, signaling that businesses have been stockpiling goods ahead of expected tariffs.
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">A Volatile Road Ahead</h2>
While a 30-day delay on tariffs for Mexico and Canada brought temporary relief to markets, "we are hardly sounding the ‘all clear' after the first salvo in what could be a long and volatile trade war on multiple fronts," says Ossenbeck. 
Investors should stay alert, as China's next move could be just around the corner—potentially hitting U.S. agriculture where it hurts most.
Read Next: 
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<li><a href="https://www.benzinga.com/economics/macro-economic-events/25/02/43454424/china-strikes-back-new-tariffs-up-to-15-on-certain-us-imports-in-retaliation-for-trumps-10-levy-on-chinese-goods">China Strikes Back: New Tariffs Up To 15% On Certain US Imports In Retaliation For Trump&#8217;s 10% Levy On Chinese Goods</a></li>
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Image: Shutterstock

China's Retaliatory Tariff Playbook: Corn, Wheat, Soybeans In The Crosshairs

On Tuesday, Teucrium added the Relative Strength Managed Volatility Strategy ETF (NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/RSMV#NYSE">RSMV</a>) to its ETF lineup, bringing Teucrium's U.S.-listed ETF tally to nine. This <a href="https://www.benzinga.com/etfs">actively managed fund</a> targets long-term capital appreciation for investors while managing risk in volatile markets.
The ETF invests in U.S. growth companies, mainly large-cap stocks with market caps exceeding $10 billion. The portfolio includes 20-50 securities. The ETF keeps the allocation dynamic, meaning during periods of heightened market volatility, it may allocate assets to fixed-income securities, cash, or cash equivalents as a defense.
Top holdings of this fund include United Health (NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/UNH#NYSE">UNH</a>), JP Morgan Chase (NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/JPM#NYSE">JPM</a>) and Exxon Mobil Corp (NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/XOM#NYSE">XOM</a>).
The fund evaluates macroeconomic conditions and allocates sector weights via a top-down approach. On the other hand, it adopts a bottom-up strategy to pick out individual securities. The fund keeps itself flexible to invest in other ETFs or REITs to improve growth prospects.
The Relative Strength Managed Volatility Strategy ETF has a net expense ratio of 0.95%, which is reasonable considering its active management strategy and risk management features.
The fund&#8217;s active management provides both offensive and defensive benefits. The fund has the advantage of benefiting from momentum-driven market trends and high-growth opportunities. Meanwhile, it can also reduce downside risks during volatile times by allocating to Treasuries and high-quality bonds.
Read Next: 
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<li><a href="https://www.benzinga.com/etfs/broad-u-s-equity-etfs/25/01/42981666/strong-dollars-ripple-effect-what-it-means-for-sp-500-etfs">Strong Dollar&#8217;s Ripple Effect: What It Means For S&amp;P 500 ETFs</a></li>
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Egypt Proposing To Use Corn Flour In Subsidised Bread From April In Effort To Cut Wheat Imports; Government Has Also Considered Using Cheaper Sorghum For 20% Of Flour Used In Breadmaking; Government Dropped Earlier Plan To Increase Extraction Rate For Wheat Flour, Sources Say

As <a href="https://www.benzinga.com//node/39583371">cities in the U.S. continue to break their historical heat records</a>, workers, lawmakers and businesses across the country are launching a debate: should the state grant protections for workers in extreme heat conditions?
Most of the country has been under heat alerts since rising temperatures began breaking comfortable levels in early July.
On Tuesday, meteorologists began warning people living in Midwestern and East Coast states. An upcoming heat wave is expected to break records in many cities, putting 140 million Americans under heat alert.
Earlier this month, at least 50 cities saw their historical heat records broken by a heat wave that affected most of the Southwest. Palm Springs, California and Las Vegas reached 124 and 120 degrees Fahrenheit, respectively, <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/weather/2024/07/11/temperature-records-heat-wave-west/74372547007/">USA Today </a>reported.
Many cities and localities in the East Coast are expected to surpass their historical average highs on this week.
The trend is global, with the last 13 months marking the highest temperatures on record for that month, according to official EU data from the Copernicus Programme.
The upcoming heat wave in the U.S. is expected to be dangerously lethal. At least 28 people have died this summer due to extreme heat events, according to a <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/07/10/heat-wave-us-death-toll/">report</a> by the Washington Post.
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Should Workers Have Federal, State Protections For Heat Risk?</h3>
Rising temperatures across the globe are forcing people to change their living habits, including how many hours of the day they can spend outside without air conditioning.
This has serious consequences for work, especially in sectors that require workers to be exposed to high temperatures under the sun for an extended period of time.
These encompass delivery and postal workers, the construction and agriculture sectors as well as those working in infrastructure repairs and gardening in urban environments, among others.
Read Also: <a href="https://www.benzinga.com//node/39799850">5 Things You Might Not Know About J.D. Vance: &#8216;Hillbilly Elegy&#8217; Author, Bitcoin Holder, First Millennial VP Pick And More</a>
Health risks for workers include "heat exhaustion and heat stroke, occupational injuries from high heat exposure such as burns or falls from dizziness, and exacerbation of preexisting conditions such as asthma, kidney disease, or heart disease," according to reports by the Center for Disease Control and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
Earlier this month, the Biden administration proposed a new rule that, for the first time, could introduce protections for workers exposed to health risks due to rising heat levels, whether outdoors or indoors.
The proposal comes from OSHA, and outlines actions that employers should take to protect their employees from heat risks. If finalized, the rule could add protections for 35 million employees nationwide.
"The purpose of this rule is simple. It is to significantly reduce the number of work-related deaths, injuries and illnesses suffered by workers who are exposed to excessive heat and exposed to these risks while simply doing their jobs," an administration official told reporters on a press call, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/07/02/osha-workers-extreme-heat-protections/">according</a> to the Post.
The rule would introduce actions that employers must fulfill if the weather passes two specific temperature marks. Above 80 degrees Fahrenheit, employers must offer drinking water and break areas, as well as plan out the work schedule in an incremental rhythm for the bodies of workers to adapt to the heat.
At 90 degrees, employees must be monitored for signs of heat illness and take mandatory 15-minute breaks every two hours.
No federal heat protection law is in place, and only five states exercise worker safety precautions: California, Colorado, Minnesota, Oregon and Washington.
The timeline for OSHA's proposal would make it final by 2026. Its rollout will largely <a href="https://www.benzinga.com/general/politics/24/07/39780356/trumps-2024-election-betting-odds-hit-record-high-after-assassination-attempt-payouts-for-ex-pre">depend on who wins the U.S. presidency in November</a>. A victory for Donald Trump would likely threaten its existence.
High-profile Republicans have voiced opposition to worker protections for heat risk. Republicans have traditionally stood against policies related to climate change that are liable to impact businesses or industries.
In Florida, where some of the highest temperatures in the country have registered in recent years, Gov. Ron DeSantis, a Republican, recently signed a piece of legislation barring local governments from raising protections for workers exposed to heat.
Texas had passed a similar bill the previous year, which was dubbed the "Death Star law." The bill was ruled unconstitutional by a judge, after Houston, El Paso and San Antonio presented lawsuits against it.
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Industry Impacts</h3>
Progressive voices like the Center for American Progress have written that exposing workers to heat risk can have bad consequences for the economy, including "lost worker productivity, increased health care costs and worker compensation claims, and threats to workers' financial stability from missing work."
For conservatives, adding protections for workers can reduce productivity for businesses and lead to a loss in competitiveness.
Business groups lobbying against the OSHA rule argue that trigger temperatures proposed by the rule should not be set as a blanket policy nationwide, as workers from different parts of the country have different tolerance thresholds for heat.
For workers in Florida, "an 80-degree threshold for them isn't going to be considered hot," said Prianka Sharma, vice president and counsel for regulatory affairs for The American Road &amp; Transportation Builders Association.
Multiple ETFs follow industries that can be affected by changes in policy around heat risk.
iShares US Home Construction ETF (BATS:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/ITB#BATS">ITB</a>) is the largest ETF by total assets following the construction industry. It's followed by SPDR S&amp;P Homebuilders ETF (NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/XHB#NYSE">XHB</a>) and the Invesco Building &amp; Construction ETF (NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/PKB#NYSE">PKB</a>).
Agriculture is another major sector that affected by the heat issue. The Invesco DB Agriculture Fund (NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/DBA#NYSE">DBA</a>) leads the list by total assets, with Teucrium Wheat Fund (NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/WEAT#NYSE">WEAT</a>) and First Trust Alternative Absolute Return Strat ETF (NASDAQ:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/FAAR#NASDAQ">FAAR</a>) next.
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Shutterstock image.

Scorching Heat Breaks Records, But 2024 Election Outcome May Hold Worker Protections Hostage

<a href="https://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/wasde0624.pdf" title="https://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/wasde0624.pdf">https://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/wasde/wasde0624.pdf</a>

Macro Economic Events

U.S. Department Of Agriculture Issues June 12, 2024 World Agricultural Supply And Demand Estimates (Link In Body)

<a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/polish-pm-tusk-says-he-will-meet-protesting-farmers-thursday-2024-02-28/">https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/polish-pm-tusk-says-he-will-meet-protesting-farmers-thursday-2024-02-28/</a>
Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk said on Wednesday he would meet protesting farmers' leaders on Thursday, as demonstrations continued across the country.
Farmers across Europe have been protesting for weeks against constraints placed on them by EU regulations meant to tackle climate change, as well as rising costs and what they say is unfair competition from outside the EU, particularly Ukraine.
"I have convened an agricultural summit in Warsaw for tomorrow ... I will meet with the leaders of all protesting groups," he said during a press conference.
"We have a very important problem. We are the most pro-Ukrainian nation when it comes to aid, but we have the biggest problems in Europe resulting from the war."
He added a current EU proposal to limit the amount of food products arriving from Ukraine to levels from the last two years was "unacceptable" for Poland and it wanted the reference amount to be set at levels from before Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
He said that he was ready to take tough decisions regarding the border in consultation with Ukraine.
"I do not hide the fact that we are talking to Ukraine about temporarily closing the border," he said.
On Wednesday, thousands of Polish farmers took to the streets of Warsaw.

iShares MSCI Poland Investable Market Index Fund ETF

EPOL

"'Polish PM Tusk Says He Will Meet Protesting Farmers On Thursday; Says 'I Do Not Hide The Fact That We Are Talking To Ukraine About Temporarily Closing The Border'" - Reuters News

Ukraine Prime Minister Arrived At Polish Border To Discuss Farmer Protests On Friday, But Polish Officials Did Not Show Up

<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Big Purchase</h2>
Between October and mid-December 2023, China purchased a massive amount of wheat, totaling 60 million bushels. This included a record-breaking weekly total of 55 million bushels. This unexpected development occurred when U.S. wheat prices had recently hit multi-year lows. Despite initial indications of a record-low year for U.S. wheat exports in 2023/24, China&#8217;s sudden purchases are expected to improve prospects in the face of strong competition from other exporting nations.
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Why Now?</h2>
China, dealing with issues of wheat quality due to untimely rains during harvest season, is projected to be the top global wheat importer in 2023/24. This has led to increased global demand for affordable wheat.&nbsp;
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Price Action&nbsp;</h2>
Market players took a significant net short position on U.S. wheat contracts in late 2023, exacerbating downward price trends. The recent uptick in Chinese purchases may signal a reversal, potentially alleviating downward pressure on wheat prices. While not guaranteeing a rally, it suggests a shift in the U.S. wheat market.
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Agricultural Diplomacy</h2>
China's impact on the US Agricultural market is clear. But international purchasing is always in flux and it&#8217;s critical to keep up relations. Last month, during APAC &#8211; the Asia-Pacific Advancement Conference &#8211; China's President Xi Jinping met with Soybean farmers representing their interests. The representatives came from the Iowa Soybean Association (ISA) and advocated for China to increase its imports from the US.
China plays a pivotal role as the leading global soybean market, importing 60% of all internationally traded soybeans and around 30% of the annual U.S. soybean production. The significance of maintaining this relationship is crucial for both nations.
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Opportunities For Investors</h2>
Understanding the impact China has on US agriculture is critical for investors looking to get involved. Individual investors can get involved in the commodities markets by trading futures, but this can be a complicated practice out of reach of many investors. Even for seasoned traders, pitfalls abound. Another alternative is investing in a commodity ETF, like those offered by <a href="https://teucrium.com/index">Teucrium Investment Advisors, LLC</a>. The firm offers a host of agricultural funds carefully curated to give investors simple, liquid access to commodities, funds like Teucrium Wheat ETF (NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/WEAT#NYSE">WEAT</a>) and Teucrium Soybean ETF (NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/SOYB#NYSE">SOYB</a>).

A Month After Xi Jinping Meets With Iowan Farmers, China's Outsized Impact On US Commodity Markets Is Made Clear With Historic Buying Spree

Ukraine's Zelenskiy Tells World Leaders At UN That Russia's Trying To Weaponize Global Food Shortage In Return For Recognition Of Some, If Not All, Of The Ukrainian Territory It Has Captured

Legal

Ukraine Says It Has Filed A Lawsuit Against Several EU Neighbors Over Their Grain Import Bans

Federal Reserve

U.S. Treasury Secretary Yellen Says We Are Focused On Climate Change And Its Impact On Developing Countries; Focused On Food Shortages Especially In Black Sea

Ukraine's Deputy Prime Minister Says Due To Russian Attacks Danube Ports Have Already Reduced Their Export Potential By Almost 0.5m Tons Of Grain Per Month

-Reuters Citing Russia&#39;s Tass

Eurozone

Futures

Kremlin Said Grain Deal Is On Hold, No Progress Yet -

iShares MSCI Turkey Investable Market Index Fund

Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov Says Supply Of 1M Tons Of Grain As Discussed Between Russia, Turkey And Qatar Would Be On Top Of Russia's Grain Supplies To Africa Free Of Charge

Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov Says We Don't See Any New Guarantees On Grain Deal; West Hampers Russian Grain, Fertilizers Exports; If Promises Are Fulfilled Tomorrow, Then The Grain Deal Could Be Resumed Tomorrow

Moscow-Turkey's Foreign Minister SaysRussia Has Some Demands Regarding Exports Of Its Own Grain; UN-Prepared New Package For Grain Deal Important

Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov Says As Soon As There Is Concrete Decisions We Will Be Ready To Resume Ukraine's Part Of Black Sea Grain Deal

U.S. Working With Romania To Potentially Double Ukraine Grain Exports Via Danube Route

Senior U.S. State Department Official Says U.S. Exploring Alternative Routes For Ukrainian Grain Exports, Most Prominently Via The Danube

- Reuters Citing AK&nbsp;Party Spokesman

Turkey's Erdogan To Visit Russia's Sochi Soon; Turkey Hopes There Will Be Developments Regarding Grain Deal After Erdogan's Sochi Visit

도널드 트럼프 대통령의 <a href="https://www.benzinga.com/topic/tariffs" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-google-interstitial="false">최근 관세 조치</a>가 글로벌 무역에 큰 혼란을 일으키고 있지만, 중국은 익숙한 반격을 준비하고 있을지도 모른다.
JP모건의 애널리스트인 브라이언 P. 오센벡(Brian P. Ossenbeck)에 따르면, 농산물 수출—특히 옥수수, 소맥 및 대두—이 중국의 보복 타겟이 될 가능성이 높다.
이와 관련된 새로운 전개는 튜크리움 옥수수 펀드(NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/CORN#NYSE">CORN</a>), 튜크리움 소맥 펀드(NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/WEAT#NYSE">WEAT</a>) 및 튜크리움 대두 펀드(NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/SOYB#NYSE">SOYB</a>)에 투자하는 투자자들에게도 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있다.
과거에도 미국 농산물 수출을 방해하기 위해 관세를 활용해온 베이징은 다시 한번 이 전술을 사용하여 미국 생산자와 정책 입장에 압력을 가할 수 있다.
관련 기사 읽기: <a href="https://www.benzinga.com/analyst-ratings/analyst-color/25/02/43432736/copper-stocks-on-shaky-ground-jpmorgan-analysts-say-tariffs-deepseek-cloud-outlook">구리 주식, 불안한 상황: JP모건 애널리스트들이 말하는 관세와 딥시크 클라우드 전망</a>
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">익숙한 플레이북: 농업이 압박 수단</h2>
오센벡은 미국의 농산물 수출, 특히 대두가 과거의 무역 긴장으로 인해 심각한 영향을 받아왔다고 강조한다. &#8220;미국 농무부의 연구에 따르면, 관세가 2018-2019년 동안 미국 농산물 수출을 270억 달러 감소시켰고, 대두가 그 감소의 71%를 차지했다.&#8221;
역사가 반복된다면, 미국 농부들은 또 다른 고통스러운 혼란을 겪게 될 수 있다.
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">철도 경고</h2>
잠재적인 관세의 영향은 농장에서 그치지 않는다. BNSF(2.5% 노출)와 유니언 퍼시픽 철도(NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/UNP#NYSE">UNP</a>) (1% 노출)과 같은 미국 철도 대기업들은 대두 수출과 직접적으로 연결되어 있어 압박을 받을 수 있다.
오센벡의 분석에 따르면, 곡물에 대한 보복 관세는 운송 주식에 부담을 줄 수 있으며, 이미 어려움을 겪고 있는 운송 부문에 또 다른 변동성의 층을 추가할 수 있다. iShares US Transportation ETF(NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/IYT#NYSE">IYT</a>)에 투자하는 투자자들은 자신들의 보유 자산에 주의해야 한다.
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">무역 긴장이 수입 러시를 촉발</h2>
한편, JP모건의 데이터에 따르면 수입업체들이 영향을 대비하고 있다. 오센벡은 &#8220;2024년 하반기부터 중국에서의 수입이 미리 반입된 것이 계속해서 2025년 초까지 이어진 것으로 보인다&#8221;고 지적한다.
1월 컨테이너화된 수입이 사상 최대치를 기록하여 기업들이 예상되는 관세 전에 물품을 비축하고 있음을 나타냈다.
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">앞으로의 변동성이 큰 길</h2>
멕시코와 캐나다에 대한 관세 30일 연기가 시장에 일시적인 안도감을 주었지만, &#8220;우리는 여러 전선에서 길고 변동성 있는 무역 전쟁의 첫 발포 이후에 &#8216;안전하다&#8217;고 소리치는 것이 아니다&#8221;라고 오센벡이 말한다.
투자자들은 경계를 유지해야 하며, 중국의 다음 움직임은 바로 코앞에 있을 수 있으며, 이는 미국 농업에 가장 큰 타격을 줄 수 있다.
다음 읽기: 
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.benzinga.com/economics/macro-economic-events/25/02/43454424/china-strikes-back-new-tariffs-up-to-15-on-certain-us-imports-in-retaliation-for-trumps-10-levy-on-chinese-goods">중국의 반격: 미국 수입품에 최대 15%의 새로운 관세 부과, 트럼프의 10% 중국산 제품 관세에 대한 보복</a></li>
</ul>
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<a href="https://www.benzinga.com//node/39583371" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-google-interstitial="false">미국의 도시들이 계속해서 역사적인 폭염 기록을 경신함</a>에 따라 전국의 근로자들, 의회의원들, 기업들에서는 주정부가 폭염 상황에서 근로자를 보호해야 하는가에 대한 논쟁을 시작하고 있다.
7월 초 기온 상승이 쾌적한 수준을 깨기 시작한 이후 대부분의 지역에는 폭염 경보가 발령되었다.
화요일부터 기상학자들은 중서부 및 동부 해안 주에 거주하는 사람들에게 경고를 시작했다. 다가오는 폭염은 많은 도시에서 기록을 깨고 1억 4천만 명의 미국인에게 폭염 경보를 내릴 것으로 예상된다.
이달 초, 최소 50개 도시에서 남서부 대부분 지역에 영향을 미친 폭염으로 인해 역사적 폭염 기록이 깨졌다. <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/weather/2024/07/11/temperature-records-heat-wave-west/74372547007/">USA 투데이</a>(USA Today)에 따르면 캘리포니아주 팜스프링스와 라스베이거스의 기온은 각각 화씨 124도 (섭씨 51.11eh)와 120도에 이르렀다.
동부 해안의 많은 도시와 지역은 이번 주에 역사적 평균 최고 기온을 넘어설 것으로 예상된다.
코페르니쿠스 프로그램(Copernicus Programme)의 공식 EU 데이터에 따르면 지난 13개월은 해당 달 기록상 가장 높은 기온을 기록하는 등 전 세계적으로 이러한 추세가 나타나고 있다.
다가오는 미국의 폭염은 위험할 정도로 치명적일 것으로 예상된다. 워싱턴 포스트(Washington Post)의 <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/07/10/heat-wave-us-death-toll/">보도</a>에 따르면 올여름 폭염으로 최소 28명이 사망했다.
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">극심한 더위에서 일할 근로자들이 연방, 주 보호조치를 받아야 할까?</h3>
전 세계적으로 기온이 상승하면서 사람들은 하루 중 에어컨 없이 밖에서 보낼 수 있는 시간을 포함해 생활 습관을 바꾸게 되었다.
이는 작업에 심각한 결과를 초래하며, 특히 근로자가 장시간 동안 태양 아래 고온에 노출되어야 하는 분야에서는 더욱 그렇다.
여기에는 배달 및 우편 근로자, 건설 및 농업 분야뿐만 아니라 인프라 수리 및 도시 환경 정원 가꾸기에 종사하는 사람들도 포함된다.
미국 질병통제센터(CDC)와 산업안전보건청(OSHA)의 보고서에 따르면 근로자의 건강 위험에는 &#8220;열사병 및 열사병, 현기증으로 인한 화상 또는 낙상과 같은 고열 노출로 인한 직업 부상, 천식, 신장 질환 또는 심장병과 같은 기존 질환의 악화&#8221;가 포함된다.
이달 초 바이든 행정부는 실외든 실내든 열 수준 상승으로 인해 건강 위험에 노출된 근로자를 보호할 수 있는 새로운 규칙을 처음으로 제안했다.
이 제안은 OSHA에서 나온 것이며 고용주가 직원을 열 위험으로부터 보호하기 위해 취해야 하는 조치를 간략하게 설명한다. 최종 확정되면 이 규정은 전국적으로 3,500만 명의 직원에 대한 보호를 추가할 수 있다.
&#8220;이 규칙의 목적은 간단하다. 단순히 업무를 수행하는 동안 과도한 열에 노출되고 이러한 위험에 노출되는 근로자가 겪는 업무 관련 사망, 부상 및 질병의 수를 크게 줄이는 것이다&#8221;고 워싱턴 포스트에 <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/07/02/osha-workers-extreme-heat-protections/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">따르면</a> 한 행정부 관계자는 기자회견에서 기자들에게 이렇게 말했다.
이 규칙은 날씨가 두 가지 특정 온도 표시를 통과할 경우 고용주가 이행해야 하는 조치를 도입한다. 화씨 80도 이상인 경우 고용주는 식수와 휴식 공간을 제공해야 할 뿐만 아니라 근로자의 몸이 더위에 적응할 수 있도록 점진적인 리듬으로 작업 일정을 계획해야 한다.
90도에서는 직원에게 열질환 징후가 있는지 모니터링해야 하며 2시간마다 의무적으로 15분 휴식을 취해야 한다.
미국에서는 연방 정부차원의 열 보호법은 마련되어 있지 않으며 캘리포니아, 콜로라도, 미네소타, 오레곤, 워싱턴 등 5개 주에서만 근로자 안전 예방 조치를 취하고 있다.
OSHA 제안의 일정은 2026년까지 최종 확정될 것이다. 그 시행은 11월에 미국 대통령이 <a href="https://www.benzinga.com/general/politics/24/07/39780356/trumps-2024-election-betting-odds-hit-record-high-after-assassination-attempt-payouts-for-ex-pre" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-google-interstitial="false">누가 당선되느냐에 크게 좌우될 것</a>이다. 도널드 트럼프의 승리는 그 존재를 위협할 가능성이 높다.
세간의 이목을 끄는 공화당 의원들은 열 위험에 대한 근로자 보호에 반대 목소리를 냈다. 공화당은 전통적으로 기업이나 산업에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 기후 변화 관련 정책에 반대해 왔다.
최근 몇 년간 미국에서 가장 높은 기온을 기록한 플로리다에서는 공화당원인 론 디샌티스 주지사가 최근 지방 정부가 열에 노출된 근로자에 ​​대한 보호 조치를 강화하는 것을 금지하는 법안에 서명했다.
텍사스는 전년도에도 &#8216;데스 스타법(Death Star Law)&#8217;이라는 유사한 법안을 통과시켰다. 이 법안은 휴스턴, 엘파소, 샌안토니오가 이에 대해 소송을 제기한 후 판사에 의해 위헌 판결을 받았다.
<h3 class="wp-block-heading">업계에 미치는 영향</h3>
진보적인 목소리를 내는 미국 진보 센터(Center for American Progress) 같은 단체는 노동자들을 열 위험에 노출시키는 것이 경제에 나쁜 결과를 초래할 수 있다고 말했다. 여기에는 &#8220;노동 생산성 감소, 증가하는 의료 비용 및 노동자 보상 청구, 그리고 결근으로 인한 노동자 재정 안정성 위협&#8221;이 포함ehls다.
보수주의자들에게는 노동자 보호 조치를 추가하는 것이 기업들의 생산성을 감소시키고 경쟁력을 잃게 만들 수 있다.
OSHA 규칙에 반대하는 기업 단체들은 제안된 규칙의 발동 온도가 전국적으로 일괄 적용되어서는 안 된다고 주장한다. 이는 지역별로 노동자들의 열 내성 한계가 다르기 때문이다.
미국 도로 및 교통 건설 협회(The American Road &amp; Transportation Builders Association)의 부사장이자 규제 담당 변호사인 프리안카 샤르마(Prianka Sharma)는 &#8220;플로리다의 노동자들에게 80도 기준은 더운 날씨로 간주되지 않을 것&#8221;이라고 말했다.
여러 ETF는 열 위험에 대한 정책 변화의 영향을 받을 수 있는 산업을 따른다.
iShares US Home Construction ETF(BATS:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/ITB#BATS">ITB</a>)는 건설업 중 가장 큰 총 자산을 보유한 ETF이다. 그 다음으로는 SPDR S&amp;P Homebuilders ETF(NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/XHB#NYSE">XHB</a>)와 Invesco Building &amp; Construction ETF(NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/PKB#NYSE">PKB</a>)가 있다.
농업은 열 문제의 영향을 받는 또 다른 주요 부문이다. Invesco DB Agriculture Fund(NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/DBA#NYSE">DBA</a>)는 총자산 기준으로 선두를 달리고 있으며 Teucrium Wheat Fund(NYSE:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/WEAT#NYSE">WEAT</a>)와 First Trust Alternative Absolute Return Strat ETF(NASDAQ:<a class="ticker" href="https://www.benzinga.com/stock/FAAR#NASDAQ">FAAR</a>)가 그 뒤를 따른다.
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